The quality of life includes the overall standard of any family and the members of the family. This, on the one hand, represents the overall standard of the nation; it also represents the standard of different classes like high, low, medium, old, childreen, adolescence and male and female, etc. on the other. The human life cannot be said to be successful and useful if the standard of life is not of quality. More attention was not paid to the quality of life due to not so big development of the structure of human society in the ancient days. The need and importance of it was not the subject of discussion in those days. But today is the age of competition and physical development. So the attention has been more centred towards how to raise and make the quality of life prosperous. Whatever development, progress and unliftment have been made in the world, the final goal is to provide the human beings pleasure, peace and satisfaction. Due to these reason, man acquires knowledge and keen interest for the need and importance of quality of life. So, there is a great need and importance of quality of life in general public's life. They are as follows:

1. Fulfilment of Basic Needs:

2. Attainment of Quality Education:

3. Management of Health Services, Facilities and Sanitation:

4. Facilities of Maternal and Child Welfare:

5. Opportunity for Income Generating Activities and Employment:

6. Women Empowerment:

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Introduction:

Human beings have equal desire and ambition to make life prosperous. The final and long term goal of population education is to increase the standard of living of an individual, family, society, country and the world, as a whole.

The concept of quality of life is wide. There are different interpretations of quality of life. Some define the quality of life according to social, economic, cultural and

religious viewpoint. Some people define iit on the basis of individual priority and philosophy of life. Thus, in the similar condition, on the basis of standard of satisfaction and desire, quality of life can be different to different individuals. Some basis elements have affected the quality of life of every individual. Thus, various needs of the people such as the satisfaction of physical, psychological, sentimental and spiritual needs is called the quality of life, on the one hand, and the consumption of necessary basic needs for survival, on the other.

According to R.C. Sharma. "The quality of life is a very complex concept as it involves the satisfaction of the emotional needs and social aspiration of the coummunity or society as well as the society's ability to meet the basic needs of food, energy, space, housing, etc. by itself."

But the meaning of quality of life is not only to get physical pleasure, peace and facilities. The quality of life of family and society is beyond imagination without statisfying the basic needs like food, clothes, housing, health, education, security etc. of people. Thus, to maintain the quality of life and to increase it alone with the basic needs, the psychological, and spiritual needs are incorporated. Quality of life has included all the necessary services and facilities for whole pleasure and satisfaction of the people.

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The country can be divided into three Ecological belts while studying population: Mountains, Hills and Terai belts.

The arrangement of population with respect to ecological areas like Mountain, Hill and Terai is termed as distribution of population by Ecological belts.

Due to the diversity in land structure, soil, natural resources, climate and resources, the population distribution in Nepal is unequal. The area with educational facility, health service, job opportunity, transport and communication service has a thick population, and the area deprived of these facilities has a thin population. This is what we find in the terai andthe Mountain zone of our country. The Terai is thickly populated

because of different kinds of facilities and the Mountain Zone is sparsely populated due to the shortage of the means of subsistence.

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Distribution of Population 

Distribution of population refers to the living of the people on the basis of physical feature, geographical zones and administrative divisions in the country. From the statistics of distribution of population, the government can make effective plans and programmes according to the situation of a given place or region. The other organizations and individuals also can set up the programmes and plans according to the region and position of the place. Thus, the study of population distribution helps the government and organizations to provide facilities for the people concerned.

There is no even distribution of population in all areas of Nepal. There are certain reasons for it. The physical features, climate, soil and natural resources are all different in different parts of the country which cause an uneven distribution of population. Some areas are densely populated, as there are facilities of employment, education, health, transport and communication. But the other areas lacking such facilities are sparsely populated. We can, here, cite the example of northern mountainous part of Nepal. Here life is too hard for the people, climate is too cold and the land is less fertile and mostly unproductive. Facilities like transport and communication, industries and education are still scarce in these areas. As a result, fewer people live in such places. But if we look at the hilly region of Nepal, the distribution of population is a bit different. Here, the climate is healthier, land is fertile and productive. So, this zone is more densely populated than the mountainous zone. The plain area of the Terai is the most fertile land in Nepal. Almost all facilities, mentioned above, are available here, so, the population pressure is high in Terai. Thus, the three zones of Nepal are quite different from economical and geographical points of view. They have different characteristics that lead to an uneven distribution of population.

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1. Introduction of Population:

The number of children, young boys and girls adults and old men and women denotes the population of a particular place in a particular time. The total number of people living in a particular place is called population. The number of people living in 75 districts of Nepal is about 26 million. It shows the population of Nepal in a particular number.

In short, by population we mean the total number of children, youths, adults and old people of a certain locality, village, city, district region or a country. In other words, population is a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time. Now a days, population is defined us the organization of people who are surviving their life with respect to socio0economic, racial and cultural background. A population contains individuals of the same species.

A population following characteristics:

• The population has a life history in that it grows and maintains itself.
• It has birth rate death rate and age ratio. Thus, an individual is born and dies and has age.
• Individuals of the population breed among themselves.

"A population is a group of interacting individuals, usually of the same species, in a definable place."

The region, zone, district, town, village and wards have different sizes of population. The road, trade, business, industry, school, hospital, etc. make difference in the settlement of the people. One account of this, there is difference in population of that place. But at persent, the developing countries have been suffering from the problems arising from population explosion. This is the burning problem today as the population growth rate is higher than the growth rate of the national production. So, the population studies must begin from the school level.

2. Size and Growth Rate of Population in Nepal:

The size of population denotes the total number of population of a country. Quantity of total population is understood from this. A population changes with the place and time. A population change is a natural and continuous process. A population size is estimated for a particular place and for a particular time. Size is simply the number of units (person) in population. To estimate decrease or increase in population size of any place, it is necessary to know that past and present population status of that place. The population growth rate is an important factor for the size of a population.

The population of Nepal is increasing to a greater extent over time. Nepal has a long history of census. The first census in Nepal was recorded in 1911 A.D. Then after every decade, the census has been taken. But the census conducted in 1952/54 is recoz

nised as the scientific census, taken so far. The census taken in 2001 was conducted by skilled and trained personnel. This the Tenth census of our country.

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By population situation, in general, we mean, the collective group of people living in a particular place. It is, therefore, necessary to have a detailed study, analysis and description of such group. The people have direct effect on the economic, social and political development of any particular place. The development of that place goes simultaneously where the people are conscious, able, strong and educated.

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Generally speaking, human population has been an ever-growing phenomenon on earth.

Every year the population is increasian at an alarming rate in the world, specially in developing countries. The existence of human being came earlier than the system of agriculture. Berore the period of Jesus Crist, the fworld's population was estimated to be around 250 million. At the beginning of agrarian society, the size of population was only 15 million. In the beginning of Roman imperialism (1A.D.), the world's population was supposed to be 250 million. Scientists have guessed that human beings came into existence some 30 lakhs year ago. One of the most significant changes in human history began about 10,000 years ago when people began to learn how to domesticate wild animals and to cultivate wild plants. This lead to increase in population growht rate. In 1650, this population again grww and doubled only in 200 years and the size of population came to be 545 million, In 1850 this number reached to about 1 billion. another 1 billion population was added and reached 2 billion population in 1930. In 1975, the population reached 4 billion and 5 billion in 1987. The world population growth rate was 2.06 percent in 1970 and dropped to 1.75 percent between 1980. In 1998, the world population increased to 6.9 billion with the growth rate of 1.4 percent. At percent the population of the world is increasing by 3 new births per second, 255 thousand per day, 7.5 million per month and 81 million per year. In this way, the world population is increasing at a rate of about 81 million per year. On July 11, 1999, the world population reached about 6 billion, which was celebrated as "The Day of Six Billion." Every year the World Population Day is celebrated on July11. Now, how fast the world population would reach 7 billion, it depends upon our aspiration and desire for bearing the children during 10 years.

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The term Demography is coined from two Greek words Demos, meaning "People" and Graphien meaning "to draw, that is, deseribe or the science or studies." Demography, therefore, means description of people. Achille Guillard was the first man to use the world demography. According to Achille Guillard. "it is the statistical knowledge of human population". Hence, demography refers to the scientific study of population, primarily with development. In other words, demography is a science dealing with the birth, death, migration and marriage (social mobility) of human population. The study of population characteristics and changes in the size and structure of population of a particular geographical area is called demography. In short, demography is the study of population.

Demography is the science of human population and the social condition of a nation. In demography, we study the size, distribution, composition and their changes in a society. It is a science which studies chiefly of births, deaths, marriage and migration. It discovers the laws which control the movement of population. Thus, demography may be defined as the numerical analysis of the state and movement of population inclusive of census enumeration and registration of vital events. It salso studies the impact of public health measures, diet and nutrition, qualitative aspect of population. In short, demography is the mathematical, statistical and scientific study of the size, composition, distribution and other changes of population.

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