Experiment to demonstrate that forces exist in pairs.
i. A book lying on a table exerts a force equal to its weight on the table in the downward direction. The table exerts an equal force on the book in upward direction. The first is called action and the second is called reaction.
ii. In the game of tug of war between two groups, if
no groups can pull the rope, what do we think about the force which is being used to pull the rope? What happens to the force applied in opposite direction.
As in tug of war described above, let us take A and B spring balances and coupled together and pull them apart. Both the spring balance show the same reading. A is pulling B towards it (action) and B is pulling A towards it with an equal and opposite force (reaction). The above experiments show that forces always occur in pairs in nature. If a body exerts a force on another body, the second body exerts an equal force on the first body but in the opposite direction. These forces are called action and reaction.
From these obeservation Newton formulated third law of motion
This law states that "to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."
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